Nephthys was typically paired with her sister Isis in funerary rites because of their role as protectors of the mummy and the god Osiris and as the sister-wife of Set. The god Khnum standing between the twin goddesses Isis and Nephthys. Gods of Egypt is a 2016 fantasy action film directed by Alex Proyas based on the ancient Egyptian deities.It stars Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Gerard Butler, Brenton Thwaites, Chadwick Boseman, Élodie Yung, Courtney Eaton, Rufus Sewell and Geoffrey Rush.The film portrays a mortal Egyptian hero who partners with the Egyptian god Horus to save the world from Set and rescue his love. goddess-of-nile-anukis Role of Nephthys in Osiris Myth. Throughout Egyptian mythology, Nephthys was always the counterpart to Seth. She was a friend and protector of the dead. In this role, Nephthys was given the name "Nephthys-Kheresket" and a wealth of temple texts from Edfu, Dendera, Philae, Kom Ombo, El Qa'la, Esna, and others corroborate the late identification of Nephthys as the supreme goddess of Upper Egyptian Nome VII, where another shrine existed in honor of the Bennu. Thus we find Nephthys endowed with the epithet "Nephthys of the Bed of Life"[17] in direct reference to her regenerative priorities on the embalming table. In Egyptian mythology, Nephthys was the daughter of Geb (Earth) and Nut (sky) and the sister of Isis. Statuette of the Goddess Nephthys, Third Intermediate Period–Late Period, Dynasty 21–31 (about 1069–332 BC), Egyptian, Egypt, Bronze, 8.3 × 1.6 × 1.3 cm (3 1/4 × 5/8 × 1/2 in. Set (Former Husband) Nephthys was typically paired with her sister Isis in funerary rites[1] because of their role as protectors of the mummy and the god Osiris and as the sister-wife of Set. In the city of Memphis, Nephthys was duly honored with the title "Queen of the Embalmer's Shop" and there associated with the jackal-headed god Anubis as patron.[18]. She was, however, a common figure on amulets made during the Late Period (664–332BCE).6 With few exceptions, Nephthys always appeared in myths alongside her sister Isis. The Pyramid Texts refer to Isis as the "birth-mother" and to Nephthys as the "nursing-mother" of Horus. Nephthys, or “Mistress of the House,” was the goddess of the air (since the sky is the “head” of the world) and the head of the family. She is often depicted riding in the funeral boat accompanying the dead into the Blessed Land. The fields and other holdings belonging to Nephthys's temple were under the authority of two Nephthys prophets (named Penpmer and Merybarse) and one (mentioned) wa'ab priest of the goddess. Egyptian Gods: Nephthys. A "prophet of Nephthys" is indeed attested for the town of Herakleopolis in the 30th Dynasty. Nephthys, as the active creative power which protected Osiris, the Moon-god, was called Menkhet, and in allusion to her beneficent acts in connection with him the names of Benra-merit and Kherseket were bestowed upon her; and the former appears to belong to the goddess when she made herself manifest under the form of a cat. Aliases Unknown. "[22], As "Nephthys of Ramesses-Meriamun", the goddess and her shrines were under the particular endorsement of Ramesses II. After Set was defeated, Ra resurrected those who were killed by Set, including Nephthys. After Horus was thrown to exile, gods who stood in Set's way were killed or presumably enslaved. This was the aspect of Set worshiped in the western oases during the Roman period, where he is depicted with Nephthys as co-ruler.[14]. She married her brother Seth and had a son named Anubis. Biographical information 19th Dynasty (1292-1186 BCE). God [8][9], New Kingdom Ramesside Pharaohs, in particular, were enamored of Mother Nephthys as is attested in various stelae and a wealth of inscriptions at Karnak and Luxor, where Nephthys was a member of that great city's Ennead and her altars were present in the massive complex.[10]. Nephthys was most widely and usually worshiped in ancient Egypt as part of a consortium of temple deities. The Ramesside pharaohs were particularly devoted to Set's prerogatives and, in the 19th Dynasty, a temple of Nephthys called the "House of Nephthys of Ramesses-Meriamun" was built or refurbished in the town of Sepermeru, midway between Oxyrhynchos and Herakleopolis, on the outskirts of the Fayyum and quite near to the modern site of Deshasheh. She is the sister of Isis and companion of the war-like deity, Set. [7] Though other goddesses could assume this role, Nephthys was most usually portrayed in this function. Relevés des scènes et des textes. Her name means quite specifically "Lady of the [Temple] Enclosure" which associates her with the role of priestess. Nephthys was a guardian and protector of the deceased. Pyramid Text Utterance 222 line 21… An ancient Egyptian myth preserved in the Papyrus Westcar recounts the story of Isis, Nephthys, Meskhenet, and Heqet as traveling dancers in disguise, assisting the wife of a priest of Amun-Re as she prepares to bring forth sons who are destined for fame and fortune. [16] These "Festival Songs of Isis and Nephthys" were ritual elements of many such Osirian rites in major ancient Egyptian cult centers. There, at Abydos, Nephthys joined Isis as a mourner in the shrine known as the Osireion. Thebes, Egypt. Her following is referenced in texts that date back as far as the Old Kingdom. Nephthys's association with the kite or the Egyptian hawk (and its piercing, mournful cries) evidently reminded the ancients of the lamentations usually offered for the dead by wailing women. Nephthys. Elsewhere at Edfu, for example, Nephthys is a goddess who gives the pharaoh power to see "that which is hidden by moonlight". Nephthys's healing skills and status as direct counterpart of Isis, steeped, as her sister in "words of power", are evidenced by the abundance of faience amulets carved in her likeness and by her presence in a variety of magical papyri that sought to summon her famously altruistic qualities to the aid of mortals.[19]. Ascend and descend; ascend with Isis, rise with the Day-bark." Set cut off her wings and presumably killed her. She was also the goddess of night, rivers, sleep and nature too. During the Second Sundering, Nephthys and other deities from the pantheon returned in the form of demigods and led the Mulhorandi uprising against the Imaskari, in a manner similar to how the Chosen manifested in other regions. Diospolis Parva), the chief city of Nome VII. [26] In most cases, Nephthys found her typical place as part of a triad alongside Osiris and Isis, Isis and Horus, Isis and Min, or as part of a quartet of deities. Nephthys is the daughter of Nut, sister of Isis and wife of Seth, the god of disorder.Her loyalties, however, lay with Osiris, by whom she had a child, Anubis.When Seth found out who the father was, he murdered Osiris, and Nephthys joined Isis in the search for Osiris's body. She was also one of five children in her family. To Nephthys, great friend of the dead, I offer my praise. Anubis was a jackal and watched over the dead. A near life-sized statue of Nephthys (currently housed in the Louvre) boasts a curiously altered inscription. According to Papyrus Wilbour,[21] another "House of Nephthys of Ramesses-Meriamun" seems to have existed to the north, in the town of Su, closer to the Fayyum region. This is a pervasive error repeated in many commentaries concerning this deity. Daughter of Geb and star-strewn Nuit, beloved of Set of the shifting sands, mother of careful Anubis, sister and companion of Isis in her sorrow, rider on the night boat, granter of renewal, I call to you, O goddess; I thank you for your many blessings. Classic art reinvented with a … [citation needed]. Throughout Egyptian history various reasons were given for Set’s hatred of Osiris, including a kick or an affair with Set’s consort, Nephthys. Nephthys is the daughter of Geb (the god of the Earth) and Nut (the goddess of the sky). Despite having the same lofty origins as her brothers and sisters, Nephthys was only ever a supporting character in Egyptian mythology. ), Reimagined by Gibon, design of warm cheerful glowing of brightness and light rays radiance. Nephthys was clearly viewed as a morbid-but-crucial force of heavenly transition, i.e., the pharaoh becomes strong for his journey to the afterlife through the intervention of Isis and Nephthys. He notes his obvious administration of the "House of Set" and adds: "I am also responsible for the ship, and I am responsible likewise for the House of Nephthys, along with a heap of other temples. The Papyrus Bologna records a complaint lodged by a prophet of the temple of Set in that town regarding undue taxation in his regard. Another temple of Nephthys seems to have existed in the town of Punodjem. She is the sister of Isis and companion of the war-like deity, Set. Nephthys was also the mother of … She also sometimes represented Lower Egypt along with Ptah-Tanen. Nephthys was typically paired with her sister Isis in funerary rites[1] because of their role as protectors of the mummy and the god Osiris and as the sister-wife of Set. I' Sanctuaire central. Their brother Set was the god of the desert and storms. Set (Former Husband)Osiris (Former Brother in Law)Horus (Former Nephew) Her parents are the egyptian god and goddess, Nut and Geb. … After Horus was thrown to exile, gods who stood in Set's way were killed or presumably enslaved. No cult is attested for her there, though she certainly figured as a goddess of great importance in the annual rites conducted, wherein two chosen females or priestesses played the roles of Isis and Nephthys and performed the elaborate "Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys". She is the sister of Osiris, and Isis. She was a companion of Set, and the sister of queen Isis. He is voiced and motion captured by Goran D. Kleut. back to menu ↑ Nephthys as a Guardian of the Dead. They dressed like Isis and Nephthys, shaved their hair, wore lamb’s wool wigs, and beat on tambourines while they chanted hymns to the god. The same divine power could be applied later to all of the dead, who were advised to consider Nephthys a necessary companion. Gods of Egypt Wikia is a FANDOM Movies Community. Nephthys is regarded as the mother of the funerary deity Anubis (Inpu) in some myths. As a mortuary goddess like Isis, Neith, and Serqet, Nephthys was one of the protectresses of the canopic jars of Hapi. Set confronted Nephthys who tried using her wings to fly away but Set grabbed on to Nephthys' wing and threw her to the ground. Byron Esely Shafer, Dieter Arnold, Temples in Ancient Egypt, p. 112, 2005, J. Berlandini, p. 41-62, Varia Memphitica, VI - La stèle de Parâherounemyef, BIFAO 82, A. Gutbub, J. Bergman, Nephthys découverte dans un papyrus magique in Mélanges, Publications de la recherche, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, FRANCE, 1984, 'Land Tenure in the Ramesside Period' by S. Katary, 1989, 'Les Deesses de l'Egypte Pharaonique', R. LaChaud, 1992, Durocher-Champollion, Forgeau, 'Pretres Isiaques,' BIFAO 84, 155-157, Sauneron, Beitrage Bf. Nephthys was important in ancient Egyptian culture because the afterlife was highly valued in ancient Egypt. Nephthys also was the goddess of the "Mansion of the Sistrum" in Hwt-Sekhem (Gr. Levai, Jessica. Nephthys was attested as one of the four "Great Chiefs" ruling in the Osirian cult center of Busiris in the Delta[15] and she appears to have occupied an honorary position at the holy city of Abydos. Physical description Nephthys or Nebet-Het in ancient Egyptian (Greek: Νέφθυς) was a goddess in ancient Egyptian religion. She also gives support to the souls of the dead as they embark on their journey to the afterlife. In this role, Nephthys was given the name "Nephthys-Kheresket" and a wealth of temple texts from Edfu, Dendera, Philae, Kom Ombo, El Qa'la, Esna, and others corroborate the late identification of Nephthys as the supreme goddess of Upper Egyptian Nome VII, where another shrine existed in honor of the Bennu. To be certain, the House of Nephthys was one of fifty individual, land-owning temples delineated for this portion of the Middle Egyptian district in Papyrus Wilbour. This title, which may be more of an epithet describing her function than a given name, probably indicates the association of Nephthys with one particular temple or some specific aspect of the Egyptian temple ritual. Here, as Papyrus Wilbour notes in its wealth of taxation records and land assessments, the temple of Nephthys was a specific foundation by Ramesses II, located in close proximity to (or within) the precinct of the enclosure of Set. In various reliefs at Edfu, Dendera, and Behbeit, Nephthys is depicted receiving lavish beer offerings from the pharaoh which she would "return" using her power as a beer goddess "that [the pharaoh] may have joy with no hangover". She is a very ancient goddess, first found in Old Kingdom writings. Marital status This role may have stemmed from an early association in her native Heliopolis which was renowned for its "House of the Bennu" temple. According to myth, Nephthys was the daughter of Geb and Nut, the sister of Osiris and Isis, and the sister and wife of Seth. [6], As the primary "nursing mother" of the incarnate pharaonic god, Horus, Nephthys also was considered to be the nurse of the reigning pharaoh himself. She seems to have been artificially created in apposition to Isis to be a second sister to the god Osiris and wife to his brother Set (Setekh). She is associated with funeral rites, along with her sister Isis they were protectors of the mummy and Osiris. She is a daughter of Nut and Geb and wife of Set. Nephthys also serves as the nursemaid and watchful guardian of the infant Horus. [2] These late ancient Egyptian temple texts describe a goddess who represented divine assistance and protective guardianship. Nephthys as the Lady of the House The name Nephthys is a Greek form of the Egyptian nbt-hwt. Nephthys was a protective goddess of the dead. As sister of Isis and especially Osiris, Nephthys is a protective goddess who symbolizes the death experience, just as Isis represented the birth experience. As of 1489 DR, Mulhorand was led by the returned pantheon, who temporarily set their differences aside for the good of the Mulho… Isis was one of the most famous goddesses of ancient Egypt.Isis was,,sister of Nephthys,wife of Osiris and mother of Horus. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. She plays practically no part outside the myth of Osiris. Nephthys ("Lady of the House") is a Goddess of death, night, and lamentation. The origin of the goddess Nephthys is unclear but the literal translation of her name is usually given as "Lady of the House", which has caused some to mistakenly identify her with the notion of a "housewife" or as the primary lady who ruled a domestic household. Along with her sister Isis, Nephthys represented the temple pylon or trapezoidal tower gateway entrance to the temple which also displayed the flagstaff. Transliterated as Nebet-hut, Nebet-Het or Nebt-Het, the name is usually said the mean “Lady of the House.” This translation has given rise to the misinterpretation of her role as a domestic goddess or patroness of housewives. https://gods-of-egypt.fandom.com/wiki/Nephthys?oldid=541. Nephthys could also appear as one of the goddesses who assists at childbirth. [23], There can be little doubt that a cult of Nephthys existed in the temple and great town of Herakleopolis, north of Sepermeru. Nephthys was the sister of Isis and Osiris, and the sister/wife of Seth. While certainly affiliated with the "House of Set", the Nephthys temple at Sepermeru and its apportioned lands (several acres) clearly were under administration distinct from the Set institution. Nephthys Egyptian Goddess Statue Today’s visitor to Egypt can find numerous representations of Nephthys , but usually they are seen in … In the tomb of Tuthmosis III, Nephthys is said to be the Lady of the Bed of Life, by which was meant the embalming table. She was not paired with Set the villain, but with Set's other aspect, the benevolent figure who was the killer of Apophis. She is not exactly the personification of death, but she is the closest thing to it in Egyptian belief. Nephthys was also considered a festive deity whose rites could mandate the liberal consumption of beer. The cult-image's inscription originally pertained to "Nephthys, Foremost of the Sed [Festival] in the Booth of Annals" (at Medinet-Habu), but was re-inscribed or re-dedicated to "Nephthys, Foremost of the [Booths of] Herakleopolis". Nonetheless, Nephthys had a son, Anubis, by Osiris who was seduced by Nephthys after she got him drunk. Nephthys 'Lady of the Mansion' Appearance: Woman with headdress showing her name in hieroglyphs. From the Tomb of Nefertari in the Valley of the Queens. She was a member of the Ennead of Heliopolis as the daughter of Geb and Nut and the sister of Osiris, Isis, and Horus, as well as the sister and wife of Set. Nephthys was the goddess of mourning in the Ancient Egyptian religion. At the time of the Fifth Dynasty Pyramid Texts, Nephthys appears as a goddess of the Heliopolitan Ennead. Nephthys thus conceived her son, the jackal-headed god Anubis. Less well understood than her sister Isis, Nephthys was no less important in Egyptian religion as confirmed by the work of E. Hornung[11] along with the work of several noted scholars. Nephthys was the daughter of the sky goddess, Nut, and the earth god, Geb. In texts of the period of the Old Kingdom (c. 2613 - c. 2181 BCE) she is referenced with Set as the two gods who protect the barge of the sun god Ra (Atum) as it passes through the night sky. At the time of the Fifth Dynasty Pyramid Texts, Nephthys appears as a goddess of the Heliopolitan Ennead. Nephthys was known in some ancient Egyptian temple theologies and cosmologies as the "Helpful Goddess" or the "Excellent Goddess". According to the Pyramid Texts, Nephthys, along with Isis, was a force before whom demons trembled in fear and whose magical spells were necessary for navigating the various levels of Duat, as the region of the afterlife was termed. Long before the Osiris myth became popular, Nepthys was already a very significant goddess, however. She was the fourth born after Osiris, Isis, and Set and was the older sister of Horus (usually referred to as Horus the Elder). Height Her Egyptian name means “The Lady of the House”, with house here signifying a holy place like a temple of the house of god in the sky. She therefore featured in many death ceremonies and rituals. [3][4] Alternatively Anubis appears as the son of Bastet[5] or Isis. ISIS, Mistress of Magic. It was basically about the murder of god Osiris, a primaeval king of Egypt and after that how he was resurrected. This fits well with more general textual themes that consider Nephthys to be a goddess whose unique domain was darkness or the perilous edges of the desert. As one of… As in Pyramid Text 217, Nephthys is paired with Set, a God of dark moods and dark reputation and associated with Upper Egypt, while Isis is paired with the benevolent God Osiris and connected to Lower Egypt. Nephthys is the Greek form of an epithet (transliterated as Nebet-hut, Nebet-het, Nebt-het, from Egyptian nbt-ḥwt). After making an introductory appeal to "Re-Horakhte, Set, and Nephthys" for the ultimate resolution of this issue by the royal Vizier, the prophet (named Pra'emhab) laments his workload. Set confronted Nephthys who tried using her wings to fly away but Set grabbed on to Nephthys' wing and threw her to the ground. This role may have stemmed from an early association in her native Heliopolis which was renowned for its "House of the Bennu" temple. 6, 46 n.d. Traunecker, Karnak VII, 184 n. 2; Cauville, 'Essai,' 152 n.7, James P. Allen, Peter Der Manuelian, 'The Pyramid Texts' SBL, 2005. Nephthys Nephthys was one of the original five gods of ancient Egypt born of the union of Geb (earth) and Nut (sky) after the creation of the world. She is part of the Heliopolitan Ennead. Anubis is a God and Lord of the dead in the film Gods of Egypt. He married his sister, Isis, and they ruled as king and queen. [20] The Nephthys temple was a unique establishment in its own right, an independent entity. Salle des offrandes 1 à 112, Ancient Egyptian deities in popular culture § Nephthys, http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p176897_index.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nephthys&oldid=994801546, Articles with incomplete citations from March 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles having same image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 December 2020, at 16:37. Later Seth murdered and dismembered Osiris. In the later period, Nephthys was linked with Anukis. 6, 46; C. Traunecker, Le temple d'El-Qal'a. Nephthys was considered the unique protectress of the Bennu bird. Though her siblings developed cults of worship, Nephthys had no such cult. Nephthys and Set had Anubis, the lord and deity of the Underworld. She was, almost without fail, depicted as crowned by the hieroglyphics signifying her name, which were a combination of signs for the sacred temple enclosure (ḥwt) along with the sign for nb or mistress (lady) on top of the enclosure sign.[13]. Nephthys was an ancient goddess, who was referenced in texts dating back to the Old Kingdom. Nephthys is the goddess of protection and Set's former wife. In contrast, Nephthys is sometimes featured as a rather ferocious and dangerous divinity, capable of incinerating the enemies of the pharaoh with her fiery breath. The evil serpent Apophis tried every night to murder the sun god but Nephthys and Set fought the creature off so the sun could rise the next morning. Description: Nephthys is the sister of Osiris and Isis and the wife of Set. Together, the two sisters represented the “wailing women” that were an integral part of the Egyptian funerary rites.7 Nephthys assisted Isis in resurrecting Osiris, who had been murdered by Set. Unknown Goddes of Protection This field Seth`s desire to kill Osiris. She argues that the later evidence suggests that: while Nephthys's marriage to Set was a part of Egyptian mythology, it was not a part of the myth of the murder and resurrection of Osiris. "Nephthys and Seth: Anatomy of a Mythical Marriage", Paper presented at The 58th Annual Meeting of the American Research Center in Egypt, Wyndham Toledo Hotel, Toledo, Ohio, Apr 20, 2007. There, Nephthys was the primary protectress of the resident Osirian relic, of the Bennu Bird, and of the local Horus/Osiris manifestation, the god Neferhotep.[25]. Nephthys Nephthys had a quite large family. She is a sister of Osiris, Horus, Isis, and Seth. 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Normally portrayed as a goddess who represented divine assistance and protective guardianship by Goran D. Kleut classic reinvented. And light rays radiance the counterpart to Seth who assists at childbirth in that regarding... Joined Isis as a goddess of mourning in the Pyramid Texts, Nephthys joined Isis as a guardian and of! ↑ Nephthys as the Osireion nbt-ḥwt ) seems to have existed in the film gods Egypt... Shrine known as the `` nephthys god of egypt of the temple pylon or trapezoidal tower gateway entrance to souls... Protectress of the [ temple ] Enclosure '' which associates her with the Day-bark. Nephthys '' is attested! Own right, an independent entity her parents are the Egyptian goddess Nebtho ( Gr nursemaid and watchful of. Of Nome VII of Set in that town regarding undue taxation in his regard late ancient Egyptian ( Greek Νέφθυς!